Finding the Right Fit: The Crucial Role of Proper Footwear for Seniors

A favorite pair of shoes may fit differently than it did a few years ago, even when the size printed inside is the same. Feet often widen or flatten with age, and the natural cushioning under the soles may thin. Arthritis or bunions can also turn a once-comfortable shoe into a painful one.

Fit affects safety as well as comfort. Shoes that slip at the heel or feel unstable underfoot may interfere with balance and increase the risk of a fall. A supportive pair provides a steadier base for walking and makes it easier to remain active. Before your next shoe-shopping trip, it helps to know which features support safer movement and which ones can work against you.

Importance of Wearing the Right Shoes

One of the most important reasons to wear the correct footwear in our later years is to prevent falls. Falls are a common cause of injury in older adults and can have serious consequences. They can cause fractures, bruises, and other injuries that can lead to a difficult recovery. Falls can also leave you unable to live on your own if you're injured.

Shoes that promote safer walking and fall prevention include these characteristics:

• A low, broad heel rather than an elevated or narrow heel
• A firm heel counter (the part surrounding the back of the heel)
• A sole with traction (nonslip) without being so thick or heavily treaded that it catches on the floor
• Enough room in the toe box
• A shoe that bends primarily near the ball of the foot rather than folding easily through the middle
• Secure fastening with laces, Velcro-style straps, or another adjustable closure instead of backless slippers, flip-flops, and very loose shoes

People often forget about safe indoor footwear. Loose slippers or socks without nonslip soles can increase the chance of slipping or tripping. If you prefer wearing shoes or slippers indoors, choose ones that fit securely and have non-slip soles.

In addition to preventing falls and maintaining independence, wearing well-fitting shoes offers several other benefits.

First, properly fitted footwear can reduce pressure and irritation associated with common foot problems such as bunions, hammertoes, corns, calluses, and plantar fasciitis. Also, as we age, our feet can widen, and our toes can spread. Shoes with adequate toe room are particularly important because cramped footwear can worsen pain and irritation.

Note, however, that foot pain might be due to more than just ill-fitting shoes. If you’re experiencing persistent pain, numbness, tingling, unusual swelling, significant deformities, diabetes, neuropathy, poor circulation, recurring sores or blisters, or unexplained changes in walking, consider visiting a podiatrist or other healthcare professional for an expert opinion.

Second, wearing well-fitted shoes can also help to improve posture and alignment. Our feet are the foundation of our body, and if they are not properly supported, it can cause problems in other areas. Shoes that fit properly and provide good arch support can help to maintain proper alignment and reduce strain on the back, hips, and knees while also promoting good posture and stable walking.

Third, properly fitted shoes shouldn't restrict circulation or create pressure points. Shoes that are too tight can cause discomfort, swelling, numbness, or skin irritation. This can be especially important for people with diabetes, peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, or other conditions that affect circulation or sensation in the feet.

Fourth, well-fitting shoes can also improve overall quality of life. When your feet are uncomfortable or painful, it can affect your ability to enjoy activities and hobbies. Wearing shoes that fit properly and provide the necessary support can help reduce foot pain and discomfort, allowing you to continue participating in your favorite activities.

Factors to Consider When Shoe-Shopping

Wearing well-fitted shoes is essential for maintaining good foot health, preventing foot problems, and improving overall mobility and quality of life. By taking the time to find shoes that fit properly and provide the necessary support, you can enjoy a more active and independent lifestyle.

Finding the right fit is important for both comfort and safety. Look for shoes with a wide toe box and a snug but not tight fit around the heel. Shoes should also have good arch support and cushioning to help absorb shock and reduce strain on the feet. However, be wary of excessive cushioning, as this could cause instability.

Another important factor to consider when choosing footwear is the type of shoe. Different activities and environments require different types of shoes, and it is important to choose the right type of shoe for the situation. For example, walking shoes should have good traction and cushioning to help prevent falls and reduce impact on the feet. If you anticipate standing for long periods, you should wear shoes with good arch support to help prevent fatigue.

In addition to choosing the right type of shoe, look for an upper material that is breathable and flexible enough to accommodate your foot's shape without creating pressure points. People with bunions, hammertoes, or swelling may find softer or stretchable uppers particularly comfortable.

It is also important to replace your shoes regularly. Shoes that are worn out or no longer fit properly can cause discomfort and increase the risk of falls. Replace shoes when they show signs of wear, such as worn or uneven tread, a heel worn down more on one side, compression or wrinkling of the midsole, reduced cushioning, damage inside the shoe, or a shoe that tilts noticeably when placed on a flat surface.

Tips for Getting the Right Fit

When buying shoes, find a retailer with a knowledgeable staff. Although you’re less likely to find such expertise at a discount shoe store, any extra cost at a competent store increases the chances of getting a good fit.

Remember to have your feet measured whenever you’re shoe shopping. Foot size and shape can change with age. Ligaments and tendons may become less elastic, arches may flatten, and feet may become wider or slightly longer.

Other tips are:

• Try on shoes later in the day, when your feet may be somewhat enlarged from hours of movement.
• Make sure there is adequate room for the toes.
• Ensure the heel doesn't slide excessively or that a heavy sole tread doesn’t catch on carpets and rugs.
• Don't assume you’ll be able to break in uncomfortable shoes. A walking shoe should feel reasonably comfortable when you first put it on.

Shoe shopping may begin with the size printed on the box, but the real test is how the shoe feels when you walk. Your heel should stay secure, and your toes should have room to move. If a shoe pinches in the store or slides at the heel, leave it on the shelf. Buy for the feet you have today, even if that means choosing a different size or style than you wore in the past. 

Ready to find your next pair of shoes? Check out our post, Safe and Comfortable: Shoe Shopping Guide for Seniors!